Quantum Architecture defines the structural framework and principles for designing, implementing, and operating quantum computing systems, encompassing quantum processing units, control systems, error correction mechanisms, and classical-quantum interfaces necessary for harnessing quantum mechanical phenomena for computation.

For enterprise architects, Quantum Architecture represents an emerging domain requiring fundamentally different approaches from classical computing. While still evolving, quantum architectures typically address several distinct layers: the physical layer comprising qubits, quantum gates, and control electronics; the error correction layer mitigating quantum decoherence effects; the logical layer translating quantum algorithms into gate operations; and the application layer connecting quantum capabilities with classical systems. Current quantum architectures follow different implementation approaches—including superconducting circuits, trapped ions, photonic systems, and topological qubits—each with distinct trade-offs in qubit stability, connectivity, and scalability. Technical leaders should understand that quantum systems exist in a hybrid ecosystem where quantum processors accelerate specific computational tasks while classical systems manage overall workflows, requiring carefully designed interfaces between paradigms. Enterprise architects exploring quantum computing should focus on identifying potential quantum advantage cases—problems where quantum approaches offer exponential speedups over classical methods—particularly in domains like cryptography, optimization, simulation, and machine learning. The infrastructure requirements for quantum systems extend beyond the quantum processing units themselves to include specialized control electronics, cryogenic systems for certain implementations, and low-latency classical computing resources for error correction and control. As quantum technologies progress from noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices toward fault-tolerant systems, architects should develop staged implementation strategies that align with both technology maturation and organizational readiness, focusing initially on building internal expertise through carefully selected proof-of-concept initiatives.